Introduction

A group of computers that are linked together is referred to as computer networking. Meanwhile, a node can be a computer, printer, or any other device capable of delivering or receiving data. As a result, communication channels are the linkages that bind the nodes together.

When tasks are shared across multiple machines in a computer network, distributed processing is used. Instead of one computer handling the entire task, each computer is in charge of a portion of it.

Computer networking or Networking refers to the communication between connected computing devices (such as laptops, desktops, servers, smartphones, and tablets) and an ever-growing array of Internet of Things (IoT) devices (such as cameras, doorbells, refrigerators, audio/visual systems, and different sensors).

Applications

The following are some examples of network applications in various fields.

1. Financial services.
2. Marketing and sales.
3. Information technology.
4. Security services.
5. Manufacturing.
6. Cellular telephone.
7. EDI.
8. E-mail.
9. Teleconferencing.
10. CMS.
11. VOIP.

Objectives

The following are the computer network’s key objectives.

• Resource sharing.
• Cost reduction.
• High reliability.
• Improve performance.
• Communication medium.

Categories

Computer networks are divided into four groups based on their complexity:

PAN: PAN : A personal area network (PAN) is a computer network built around a single person. In addition, the most typical components are a computer, a cell phone, or a personal digital assistant. PAN can then utilize this information to connect these personal devices to a digital network and the internet by establishing contact.

LAN: A Local Area Network (LAN) is a collection of computers and peripheral devices connected in a local area, such as a school, laboratory, house, or workplace. It is a widely used network for sharing data, printers, games, and other software. The most basic type of LAN network is one that connects PCs and printers in a person’s home or company.

MAN: To begin, a Metropolitan Area Network, or MAN, is a computer network that stretches across a city, a college campus, or a small area. Second, unlike a LAN, which is normally limited to a particular building or place, this network is far larger. As a result, depending on the configuration, this type of network can span distances ranging from a few miles to tens of kilometers.

WAN: The WAN (Wide Area Network) is another important computer network that spans a big geographical area. A WAN network system, on the other hand, could be a LAN/MAN link that connects to other LANs/MANs via telephone lines and radio waves. It is usually limited to a single business or organizations.

Summary

To summarize, computer networking is the process of bringing applications and devices together to achieve a desired objective or purpose. Computer networks can be just a router and a laptop or scale to an entire datacenter, depending on your requirements.

Introduction

Human communication and computer communication are very similar. Many parts of computer science are, in fact, comparable to human behavior. If you’re interested in learning how these machines communicate with one another and how data flows through a network, this article is for you. If computers appear to be a fascinating subject for your thinking, computer communication may pique your interest.

Before we go into computer communications, let’s have a look at the article’s structure. The first few paragraphs give an overview of computer systems. Following that, we’ll go over more technical topics like computer networking and network protocols.

Computers Connect with One Another using Their Own Network

On a daily basis, we use the internet. This essentially indicates that we’re all part of the same network. The Internet is a global network that connects all of the world’s users, allowing them to communicate with one another at any time and from any location because they are all members of the same network. A network is a collection of interconnected devices. It can also be a collection of smaller networks. A computer network is made up of two or more computers connected through a network media. Users on the same network can share the same hardware (a printer) and software (apps) and send various types of data such as text, video, and audio. Hardware is employed to connect them, such as the

There are two different sorts of networks. Local area networks and wide area networks are the two types. The key distinction is the network’s range of connectivity. Let’s start with a basic definition of what a local network is.
Because it is established locally, the LAN (Local Area Network) may connect a smaller number of computers, as its name suggests.

You could conceive of a local network as a system that connects people who share a common interest, such as computers in a classroom to allow students and staff to communicate, or computers in a business. The LAN can be a secure network that only they can access and use. As a result, the LAN now has authorized users who use their IP addresses as indicated below.

The network’s identification of the sender and recipient is also detailed below.
Let’s have a look at the wide area network now. The Wide Area Network (WAN) can be used to construct a larger network than the LAN as the number of users grows. The WAN is a network that links networks over wide geographical areas. Assume that the company has expanded its offices to other countries or locations and that they still wish to connect with one another. The Wide Area Network (WAN) is used to carry data over great distances or between networks that are connected to a larger one. Because of the number of users and complexity, WAN speeds can be slower than LAN speeds, however this is dependent on the settings.

What method does the network use to determine which computer is the intended recipient?

We’ve already established a LAN. We can join all of the machines in the same network with a single Ethernet connection. When computer A (or a user) wants to send a message to computer B, the message travels over the cable and is received by all computers in the network because they all share the same medium.

But how does the network know who the message is intended for?

The message is destined for a reader who is eager to read it and is likely to wish to exchange information in return. The router utilizes the MAC address of each machine to resolve this issue. This address ensures that the physical address of the machine is unique.

The Internet Protocol facilitates data transmission within a network. Network packets are used to send the data. A static IP address and a public IP address are assigned to each computer.

Your machine has its own private IP address. Your gadget is given an address by your ISP (Internet Service Provider). The router saves this IP address. A routing table is stored on the router and contains all of the private IP addresses (mobile, laptop, etc.) that are connected to this network.

Summary

The principles of computer communications are covered in this article. You now understand how data is transferred from a wire as a signal to another computer in readable form, going through several levels and protocols. When you press the Send button, the data (signal) becomes 01010101, which passes through the OSI model’s multiple layers